Great Toe Arthritis

Arthritis can develop following acute blunt joint trauma or repeated small injuries to the feet over many years.

Early in its development, arthritis may appear as a slight swelling at the the joint and may not be painful. However, as the problem progresses, the lump becomes larger and more prominent. This causes pain, localized tenderness and limitation of motion, and results in permanent deformation.

Patients with arthritis of the great toe joint may have to alter the pattern in which they walk to compensate for the discomfort and lack of flexibility they experience. This change in propulsion can lead to knee, hip and back pain due to the formation of an unnatural stride.

Early diagnosis is key to prevent the problem from progressing. Custom made shoe orthotics can be fabricated to slow the deformity process. These devices work by improving stability and reducing inappropriate joint motion.

Conservative care can help to reduce pain and discomfort at the great toe joint. Wider shoes, custom made orthotics, joint exercises and medication are among the available options. Surgery is usually the best option for patients with a significant deformity, joint adaptation and arthritis.

Computer assisted digital plain film radiographic analysis of the skeletal deformity prior to surgery is key to procedure planning. This method involves taking digital x-ray images with the patient standing in the angle and base of gait to simulate the weight bearing position while walking. The bones and joints of the foot and ankle are then evaluated using computer assistance. Surgical procedures can be customized and tailor fit to the needs of the patient in order to correct and realign the foot.

Surgical treatment of great toe joint arthritis is usually addressed by joint fusion or joint replacement. The benefits of each procedure will be determined based upon your age and activity level. In some patients arthritis is due to bone spurs, which limit joint motion. The spurs can be removed in order to restore the normal anatomy and improve joint function.

Joint replacement is available for individuals that live a less demanding lifestyle. The surgical procedure involves the removal of the arthritic joint surface(s) with the introduction of an implant that mimics the contour and anatomy of a healthy joint. These implants are typically constructed from various metals and composite polymer compounds. Once replaced, the joint functions in a similar fashion to a healthy joint. It should exhibit improved motion with a reduction in pain. Recovery is approximately 3 weeks. Patients are allowed to bear weight on the surgical foot immediately. Following recovery, patients can engage in light sporting activities such as golf, cycling and swimming, but are advised to avoid high impact activities.

Fusion of the great toe joint is also an option for patients with arthritis. This process involves careful preparation of the arthritic joint surfaces to remove any remaining cartilage. The two bones of the joint are then positioned to allow for adequate clearance of the toe when walking and running. The bones are maintained in this position while they heal as one solid unit. Stability during the healing process is achieved with internal fixation devices such as screws, a combination of a plate and screws, or pins. This type of procedure is a good option for younger and middle-aged individuals and for athletes. The fusion procedure can handle the force and impact associated with sports and running.

The Lapiplasty 3D Bunion correction procedure has been adapted to address arthritis of the great toe joint. The technique, plate/screw technology and approach allow for immediate weight bearing in a cast boot following the surgical fusion. This method allows for a rapid return to activity in comparison to traditional fusion surgeries. It also provides for a correction of arthritic bunion deformities in all three planes.